Identifying Standard Practices in Research Library Book Conservation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5860/lrts.54n1.21Abstract
The field of research library conservation has emerged as a distinct discipline and undergone major refinements during the past fifty years. Professional organizations and training programs have been established, new treatment techniques have been developed and promoted, and increasingly, special and general collections practitioners have collaborated on treatment solutions. Despite such dramatic growth and definition within the field, no comprehensive assessment of the book treatment practices employed by research libraries for special and general collections has been conducted. In response to this need, the authors undertook a study to investigate and document the types of treatments employed by research libraries to conserve and maintain their book collections, and to compare the practices used for special collections with those used for general collections. This paper describes the evolution of the field over the past fifty years and identifies book conservation techniques the study found to be routinely, moderately, or rarely employed in research libraries. A comparison of special and general collections treatment practices suggests that while notable differences exist, many treatment practices are common in both contexts. Implications of the study’s results and potential applications for this new information are stated.
References
Mark Young, Martha Kyrillidou, ARL Statistics, 2006–07: A Compilation of Statistics from the Members of the Association of Research Libraries (Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries 2008)nLars Meyer, Safeguarding Collections and the Dawn of the 21st Century: Describing Roles and Measuring Contemporary Preservation Activities in ARL Libraries (Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries 2009): 19-nSherelyn Ogden, '“Impact of the Florence Flood on Library Conservation in the United States of America: A Study of the Literature Published 1956–1976,”' Restaurator 3 no. 1–2 (1979): 22nIbid., 17nPeter Waters, '“Phased Preservation: A Philosophical Concept and Practical Approach to Preservation,”' Special Libraries 81 no. 1 (1990): 36nIbid., 37nMaria Grandinette, Randy Silverman, '“Book Repair in the USA: A Library-Wide Approach to Conservation,”' La conservation: Une science en evolution. Bilan et perspectives: Actes des troisièmes journées internationals d’études de L’ARSAG, Paris, 21–25 Avril 1997 (Paris: ARSAG 1997): 276-nGeorge Cunha, Conservation of Library Materials (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow 1967) Carolyn Horton,
Cleaning and Preserving Bindings and Related Materials
(Chicago: ALA, 1967)nEllen McCrady, '“In Memoriam: Paul N. Banks 1934–2000,”' Abbey Newsletter 24 no. 1 (2000): 4nPamela Darling, Sherelyn Ogden, From Problems Perceived to Programs in Practice: The Preservation of Library Resources in the U.S.A., 1956–1980 (Chicago: ALA 1981)nPaul Banks, '“Education in Library and Archives Conservation,”' Preprints of Papers Presented at the Tenth Annual Meeting (Washington, D.C.: American Institute for Conservation 1982): 1-9nDarling and Ogden, “From Problems Perceived.”nGrandinette and Silverman, “Book Repair in the USA.”nIbid., 275nPaul N. Banks, Norman Baer Ed., '“A Library is Not a Museum,”' Training in Conservation (New York: Institute of Fine Arts, New York University 1989): 62-63nJan Merrill-Oldham, Nancy Carlson Schrock, Paul N. Banks Ed., Roberta Pilette Ed., '“The Conservation of General Collections,”' Preservation Issues and Planning (Chicago: ALA 2000): 228-nMaria Grandinette, Randy Silverman, '“The Library Collections Conservation Discussion Group: Taking a Comprehensive Look at Book Repair,”' Library Resources & Technical Services 38 (1994): 282nMerrill-Oldham and Schrock, “The Conservation of General Collections,” 235nCarolyn Clark Morrow, Conservation Treatment Procedures (Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited 1982) Jane Greenfield,
Books: Their Care and Repair
(New York: H.W. Wilson, 1984); Robert J. Milevski,
Book Repair Manual
(Carbondale, Ill.: Illinois Cooperative Conservation Program, 1984); Hedi Kyle,
Library Materials Preservation Manual
(Bronxville, N.Y.: Nicholas T. Smith, 1986); Maralyn Jones, ed.,
Collection Conservation Treatment: A Resource Manual for Program Development and Conservation Technician Training
(Berkeley: Conservation Department, the Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1993)nGrandinette and Silverman, “Book Repair in the USA,” 279nHighlights from the extensive literature on board reattachments include Anthony Cains and Katherine Swift,
Preserving Our Printed Heritage: The Long Room Project at Trinity College
(Dublin: Trinity College Library, 1988); Robert Espinosa and Pamela Barrios, “Joint Tacketing: A Method of Board Reattachment,”
Book and Paper Group Annual
(1991): 78–83; Christopher Clarkson, “Board Slotting: A New Technique for Re-Attaching Bookboards,” in
Conference Papers, Manchester 1992
, ed. Sheila Fairbrass (London: Institute for Paper Conservation, 1992): 158–73; Don Etherington, “Japanese Paper Hinge Repair, for Loose Boards on Leather Books,”
Abbey Newsletter
, no. 3(1995): 48–49; Donia Conn, “Board Reattachment for Circulating Collections: A Feasibility Study,”
Book and Paper Group Annual
(1996): 29–40; Maria Fredericks and Ethel Hellman, “Board Reattachment Discussion,”
Book and Paper Group Annual
(2001): 63–86; David Brock, “Tips and Techniques: Board Reattachment,”
Guild of Book Workers Newsletter
(Oct. 2001): 14–15; and Priscilla Anderson and Alan Puglia, “Solvent-Set Book Repair Tissue,”
Book and Paper Group Annual
(2003): 3–8. Examples of articles on limp paper and lapped case structures include Gary Frost, “Historical Paper Case Binding and Conservation Rebinding,”
New Bookbinder
(1982): 64–67; Gary Frost, “Conservation Paper Cover and Case Construction Rebinding,”
Guild of Book Workers Journal
, no. 1 (1983): 29–38; and Brian Baird and Mick LeTourneaux, “Treatment 305: A Collections Conservation Approach to Rebinding,”
Book and Paper Group Annual
(1994): 1–4nRandy Silverman and Maria Grandinette, “Checklist of Primary Bibliographical Evidence Contained in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Publishers’ Bookbindings” (handout, American Institute for Conservation Library Collections Conservation Discussion Group meeting, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1995); Rare Book School, “B-90. Publishers’ Bookbindings, 1830–1910: Sue Allen” (University of Virginia, 2008), www.rarebookschool.org/courses/binding/b90nGary Frost, '“Integrated Book Repair,”' Archival Products News 7 no. 3 (Fall/Winter 1999–2000): 1nIbid., 2nAlberto Campagnolo, “Il book repair come disciplina integrata: Analisi dell’esperienza in Nord America e confronto con l’approccio europeo [Book Repair as an Integrated Discipline: Analysis of the Experience in North America and Comparison with the European Approach]” (thesis, Università “Cà Foscari” di Venezia, 2005): 300nWhitney Baker, '“The Hybrid Conservator: An Overview of Challenges in a Research Library Environment,”' Library Resources & Technical Services 48 no. 3 (2004): 179-90nRoberta Pilette, Nancy Kraft Ed., Holly Martin Huffman Ed., '“Book Conservation within Library Preservation,”' The Changing Book: Transitions in Design, Production, and Preservation (Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth 2006): 224-nMark Young, Martha Kyrillidou, ARL Preservation Statistics, 2005-06: A Compilation of Statistics from the Members of the Association of Research Libraries (Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries 2008)nAnne Kenney, Deirdre C. Stam, The State of Preservation Programs in American College and Research Libraries: Building a Common Understanding and Action Agenda (Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources 2002)nSee, for example, Gay Walker, et al., “The Yale Survey: A Large-Scale Condition Survey of Book Deterioration in the Yale University Library,”
College & Research Libraries
, no. 2 (Mar. 1985): 111–31; Paul Sheehan, “A Condition Survey of Books in Trinity College Library, Dublin,”
Libri
, no. 4 (1990): 306–17; Paul Green, “A Method for Undertaking a Full Conservation Audit of Special Collections Books and Manuscripts,”
Collection Management
, no. 4 (2004): 23–42; and Jennifer Hain Teper and Sarah M. Erekson, “The Condition of our ‘Hidden’ Rare Book Collections: A Conservation Survey at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,”
Library Resources & Technical Services
, no. 3 (2006): 200–13nBronwen Evans, '“The Duke Humfrey’s Library Project: Using an Item-by-Item Survey to Develop a Conservation Programme,”' Paper Conservator 17 (1993): 39-44nGraham Matthews, '“Surveying Collections: The Importance of Condition Assessment for Preservation Management,”' Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 27 no. 4 (1995): 231nPaul Conway, '“Archival Preservation Practice in a Nationwide Context,”' American Archivist 53 no. 2 (Spring 1990): 220 Tyler O. Walters and Ivan E. Hanthorn, “Special Collections Repositories at Association of Research Libraries Institutions: A Study of Current Practices in Preservation Management,”
American Archivist
, no. 1 (1998): 158–86; Paula De Stefano and Tyler O. Walters, “A Natural Collaboration: Preservation for Archival Collections in ARL Libraries,”
Library Trends
, no.1 (2007): 230–58nPatricia K. Turpening, '“Survey of Preservation Efforts in Law Libraries,”' Law Library Journal 94 no. 3 (2002): 363-93nWole Michael Olatokun, '“A Survey of Preservation and Conservation Practices and Techniques in Nigerian University Libraries,”' Libres 18 no. 2 (2008): 8nClara Keyes, '“Book Repair Survey: Circulating Collections”' (1996) (accessed Dec. 16, 2008)nAlberto Campagnolo, “Il book repair come disciplina integrata.”nIbidnMick P. Couper, '“Web Surveys: A Review of Issues and Approaches,”' Public Opinion Quarterly 64 no. 4 (2000): 464-94nKenny and Stam,
The State of Preservation ProgramsnYoung and Kyrillidou,
ARL Preservation Statistics, 2005–06
; Mark Young and Martha Kyrillidou,
ARL Statistics, 2005–2006: A Compilation of Statistics from the One Hundred and Twenty-Three Members of the Association of Research Libraries
(Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, 2008)nKenny and Stam,
The State of Preservation Programs
, 20n Paper Conservation Catalog (1984–94) (accessed Nov. 15, 2009)n
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after it has been accepted for publication. Sharing can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.