Understanding the Information Needs of Large-Scale Digital Library Users
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5860/lrts.58n2.84Abstract
This paper reports on the results of a comparative study of user search logs in two large-scale, domain-specific digital libraries functioning in the United States: the National Science Digital Library and Opening History. Results demonstrate varying levels of use of advanced search options and substantial differences in the search query lengths, search query frequencies, and distribution of search categories in queries. The empirical data on how the members of the target communities search can be used in deriving important information for domain-specific digital library developers’ decisions regarding both the details of information organization and support of various search features.
References
'IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records' Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report accessed June 25, 2013,nThe numbers are based on IMLS Digital Collections and Content registry of digital collections supported by IMLS (nJudith Skog, Richard M. McCourt, Jessica Gorman, '“The NSF Scientific Collections Survey: A Brief Overview of Findings” ' (white paper, National Science Foundation, 2009), accessed June 25, 2013,nMarcia A. Mardis, '“The Digital Lives of U.S. Teachers: A Research Synthesis and Trends to Watch,”' School Libraries Worldwide 18 no. 1 (2012): 70-86nCaroline R. Arms, '“Historical Collections for the National Digital Library: Lessons and Challenges at the Library of Congress: Part 1,”' D-Lib Magazine (April 1996), accessed June 25, 2013,nCarole L. Palmer, Oksana L. Zavalina, Katrina Fenlon, '“Beyond Size and Search: Building Contextual Mass in Digital Aggregations for Scholarly Use,”' Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 47 no. 1 (2010): 1-10n'“The Digital Lives of U.S. Teachers.”'n'“Digital Media (Including Video!): Resources for the STEM Classroom and Collection,”' Knowledge Quest 39 no. 2 (2010): 28-32 Eileen McIlvain, “NSDL as a Teacher Empower Point: Expanding Capacity for Classroom Integration of Digital Resources,”
Knowledge Quest
, no. 2(2010): 54–63; Anne Marie Perrault, “Making Science Learning Available & Accessible to All Learners: Leveraging Digital Library Resources,”
Knowledge Quest
, no. 2 (2010): 64–68; Daniel Toomey, “The National Science Digital Library: STEM Resources for the 21st-Century Learner,”
School Library Monthly
, no. 2 (2010): 54–56n 'National Science Digital Library' () accessed June 25, 2013, n'“Making Science Learning Available & Accessible to All Learners”; Toomey, “The National Science Digital Library.”'n'“The Motherlode of STEM,”' School Library Journal 56 no. 2 (2010): 65-66 McIlvain, “NSDL as a Teacher Empower Point.”nBrian F Lavoie, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Edward T. O'Neill, '“Mapping WorldCat's Digital Landscape, …' Library Resources & Technical Services 51 no. 2 (2007): 106-15 Ingeborg Verheul, Anna Maria Tammaro, and Steve Witt, eds., Digital Library Futures: Users Perspectives & Institutional Strategies (Berlin; New York: De Gruyter Saur, 2010; Tony Horava, “Challenges and Possibilities for Collection Management in a Digital Age,“ Library Resources & Technical Services 54, no. 3 ( 2010): 142–52nTom D. Wilson, '“Human Information Behavior,”' Informing Science 3 no. 2 (2000): 49-56nBernard J. Jansen, Soo Young Rieh, '“The Seventeen Theoretical Constructs of Information Searching and Information Retrieval,”' Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 61 no. 8 (2010): 1517-34nJames Krikelas, '“Catalog Use Studies and Their Implications,”' Advances in Librarianship 3 (1972): 195-220nMicheline Beaulieu, Christine L. Borgman, '“A New Era for OPAC Research: Introduction to Special Topic Issue on Current Research in Online Public Access Systems,”' Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 no. 7 (1996): 491-92nMarcia J. Bates, '“Rethinking Subject Cataloging in the Online Environment,”' Library Resources & Technical Services 33 no. 4 (1989): 400; Ray Larson, “Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in Online Catalogs,”
Advances in Librarianship
(1991): 175–236; Joseph A. Matthews, Gary S. Lawrence, and Douglas K. Ferguson, eds.,
Using Online Catalogs: A Nationwide Survey: A Report of a Study Sponsored by the Council on Library Resources
(New York: Neal-Schumann, 1983)nChristine L. Borgman, '“Why are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?”' Journal of American Society for Information Science 47 no. 7 (1996): 493-503nBryce L. Allen, '“Cognitive Research in Information Science: Implications for Design,”' Annual Review of Information Science & Technology 26 (1991): 3-37n'“Enhancing Subject and Keyword Access to Periodical Abstracts and Indexes: Possibilities and Problems,”' Cataloging & Classification Quarterly (: 1996): 45-55 Raya Fidel, “Who Needs Controlled Vocabulary?”
Special Libraries
(January 15, 1992): 1–9; Charles R. Hildreth, “The Use and Understanding of Keyword Searching in a University Online Catalog,”
Information Technology & Libraries
, no. 2 (1997): 52–62; Manikya Rao Muddamalle, “Natural Language Versus Controlled Vocabulary in Information Retrieval: A Case Study in Soil Mechanics,”
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
, no. 10 (1998): 881–87nDavid Bawden, Polona Vilar, '“Digital Libraries: To Meet or Manage User Expectations,”' Aslib Proceedings 58 no. 4 (2006): 346-54nIbidnIbidnIan Rowlands, David Nicholas, '“Information Behaviour of the Researcher of the Future: A Ciber Briefing Paper”' (London: University College, 2008), accessed June 25, 2013,nBryce L. Allen, '“Cognitive Research in Information Science: Implications for Design,”' Annual Review of Information Science & Technology 26 (1991): 3-37n'“Information Seeking in Full-Text End-User-Oriented Search Systems: The Roles of Domain and Search Expertise,”' Library & Information Science Research 15 no.1 (1993): 35-69nBawden, “Digital Libraries.”nPertti Vakkari, Mikko Pennanen, Sami Serola, '“Changes of Search Terms and Tactics While Writing a Research Proposal: A Longitudinal Case Study,”' Information Processing & Management 39 no. 3 (2003): 445-63nBarbara M. Wildemuth, '“The Effects of Domain Knowledge on Search Tactic Formulation,”' Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 55 no. 3 (2004): 246-58 doi:10.1002/asi.10367nXiangmin Zhang, Hermina G.B. Anghelescu, Xiaojun Yuan, '“Domain Knowledge, Search Behaviour, and Search Effectiveness of Engineering and Science Students: An Exploratory Study,”' Information Research 10 no. 2 (2005): paper 217, accessed June 25, 2013,nCarole L. Palmer, '“Scholarly Work and the Shaping of Digital Access,”' Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 56 no. 11 (2005): 1140-53 David Ellis, “Modeling the Information-Seeking Patterns of Academic Researchers: A Grounded Theory Approach,”
Library Quarterly
, no. 4(1993): 469–86n'“Information Seeking by Humanities Scholars,” in' Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: Proceedings of the European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL2005) ed. Andreas Rauber, Stavros Christodoulakis, and A Min Tjoa (Berlin: Spring-Verlag, 2005): 218–29n Ibid. Ming-der Wu and Shih-chuan Chen, “Humanities Graduate Students’ Use Behavior on Full-Text Databases for Ancient Chinese Books,” in
Asian Digital Libraries: Looking Back 10 Years and Forging New Frontiers
, ed. Dion Hoe-Lian Goh et al. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007), 141–49nSusan Harum, 'personal conversation with the authors, January 15, 2008; Wu, “Humanities Graduate Students’ Use Behavior on Full-Text Databases.”'nMarcia J. Bates, '“The Getty End-User Online Searching Project in the Humanities: Report No. 6: Overview and Conclusions,”' College & Research Libraries 57 (1996): 514-23 Wu, “Humanities Graduate Students’ Use Behavior on Full-Text Databases,” 141–49; Elaine A. Nowick and Margaret Mering, “Comparisons between Internet Users’ Free-Text Queries and Controlled Vocabularies: A Case Study in Water Quality,”
Technical Services Quarterly
, no. 2 (2003): 15–32, accessed June 25, 2013, www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1300/J124v21n02_02nThomas A. Peters, '“The History and Development of Transaction Log Analysis,”' Library Hi Tech 11 no. 2 (1993): 41-66nKaren Markey, '“Twenty-Five Years of End-User Searching, Part 1: Research Findings,”' Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 58 no. 8 (2007): 1071-81nBernard Jansen, Amanda Spink, Jan O. Pedersen, '“The Effect of Specialized Multimedia Collections on Web Searching,”' Journal of Web Engineering 3 no. 3-4 (2004): 182-4nHeather L. Moulaison, '“OPAC Queries at a Medium-Sized Academic Library: A Transaction Log Analysis,”' Library Resources & Technical Services 52 no. 4 (2008): 230-37n'“The Getty End-User Online Searching Project in the Humanities”; Steven M. Beitzel, Eric C. Jensen, and Abdur Chowdhury, “Temporal Analysis of a Very Large Topically Categorized Web Query Log,”' Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 58 no. 2 (2007): 166-78 Bernard J. Jansen, Amanda Spink, and Sherry Koshman, “Web Searcher Interaction with the Dogpile.comn“Using Web Metrics to Analyze Digital Libraries,” in
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries
(New York: ACM, 2008), 375–84; Bin Pang, “Capturing Users’ Behavior in the National Science Digital Library (NSDL)” (unpublished report, Cornell University Human Computer Interaction Research Group, 2003), accessed June 23, 2013,n'“Collection-Level User Searches in Federated Digital Resource Environment”; Zavalina, “Contextual Metadata in Digital Aggregations.”'n'“From E-Sex to E-Commerce: Web Search Changes,”' IEEE Computer 35 no. 3 (2002): 107-9nIFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report (IFLA: September 1997, amended February 2009), accessed June 25, 2013,n(): Ibid.; Glenn E. Patton, ed.,
Functional Requirements for Authority Data: A Conceptual Model
, (Munich: K.G. Saur, 2009), 13nPatton,
Functional Requirements for Authority Data
, 13nIFLA,
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final ReportnIbid., 26nIbid., 27nIbid., 28nIbid., 28–29n'“Collection-Level User Searches in Federated Digital Resource Environment.”'nKristina M. Spurgin, Barbara M. Wildemuth, “Content Analysis,” in
Applications of Social Research Methods to Questions in Information and Library Science
, ed. Barbara M. Wildemuth, 129–37 (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2009)nKlaus Krippendorff, '“Reliability in Content Analysis Some Common Misconceptions and Recommendations,”' Human Communication Research 30 no. 3 (2004): 411-33nZavalina, “Collection-Level User Searches in Federated Digital Resource Environment”; Zavalina, “Contextual Metadata in Digital Aggregations.”nKimberly A. Neuendorf,
Content Analysis Guidebook
(Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002)nIbidnThis observation is in line with earlier studies of humanities scholars’ information-seeking behavior conducted in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s: Bates, “The Getty End-User Online Searching Project in the Humanities”; Buchanan et al., “Information Seeking by Humanities Scholars”; Stephen Wiberley and William Goodrich Jones, “Patterns of Information Seeking in the Humanities,”
College & Research Libraries
, no. 6 (1989): 638–45nCurl, “Enhancing Subject and Keyword Access to Periodical Abstracts and Indexes: Possibilities and Problems”; Fidel, “Who Needs Controlled Vocabulary?”; Hildreth, “The Use and Understanding of Keyword Searching in a University Online Catalog”; Muddamalle, “Natural Language Versus Controlled Vocabulary in Information Retrieval”; Spurgin and Wildemuth, “Content Analysis”; Xi Niu and Bradley M. Hemminger, “Tactics for Information Search in a Public and an Academic Library Catalog with Faceted Interfaces,” in
Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction & Information Retrieval
(2010): 83–86, accessed June 25, 2013,nSpink and Jansen, “A Study of Web Search Trends” David Nicholas et al., “Online Use and Information Seeking Behavior: Institutional and Subject Comparisons of UK Researchers,”
Journal of Information Science
, no .6 (2009): 660–76, doi:10.1177/0165551509338341n'“Twenty-Five Years of End-User Searching”' Steve Jones et al., “A Transaction Log Analysis of a Digital Library,”
International Journal on Digital Libraries
, no. 2 (2000): 152–69n'“Analysing HTTP Logs of a European DL Initiative to Maximize Usage and Usability,”'
Proceedings of the10th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries
(ICADL 2007), ed. Dion Hoe-Lian Goh, et al., 35–44 (Berlin: Springer, 2007)n'“OPAC Queries at a Medium-Sized Academic Library.”'n
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after it has been accepted for publication. Sharing can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.