Reading Matters in the Academic Library
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.52n4.309Abstract
With the increasing virtualization of resources, reference service, and instruction, college students have fewer reasons to visit the academic library, a place they believe lacks relevance in their lives. This article explores the idea of revitalizing academic libraries by reconsidering the place of pleasure reading in them. Considerable research has been conducted on reading in the last quarter century. Reading serves a host of essential functions, far more than we have ever guessed. The first part of this paper looks at the social, psychological, moral, emotional, and cognitive role it plays in our lives. The second half examines readers’ advisory services that we can borrow or adapt from public libraries, services that can attract new users, promote lifelong reading, and transform academic libraries to be more community, user, and reader focused.
References
Jeff Seaman and I. Elaine Allen,
Class Difference$: Online Education in the United States
, 2010, report by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Babson Park, MA: Babson Survey Research Group, 2010), accessed July 10, 2012, http://sloanconsortium.org/sites/default/files/class_differences.pdf%20nL. Johnson et al.,
The Horizon Report: 2011 Edition, report by The New Media Consortium and the EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative
(Austin, Tex.: The New Media Consortium, 2011), accessed July 10, 2012, www.nmc.org/pdf/2011-Horizon-Report.pdfnCathy De Rosa, et al.,
College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources, report to the OCLC Membership
(Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Online Computer Library Center, 2006), 6–4, 2–20, accessed July 10, 2012, www.oclc.org/reports/pdfs/studentperceptions.pdfnJoyce G. Saricks, Readers’
Advisory in the Public Library
, 3rd ed. (Chicago: American Library Association, 2005), 3nKenneth D. Shearer, preface to
The Readers’ Advisor’s Companion
, ed. Kenneth D. Shearer and Robert Burgin (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2001), xvnSaricks,
Readers’ Advisory in the Public Library
, 7nCatherine Sheldrick Ross, “The Company of Readers, ” in
Reading Matters: What the Research Reveals about Reading, Libraries, and Community
, by Catherine Sheldrick Ross, Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie, and Paulette M. Rothbauer (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2006), 11n'“Reader on Top: Public Libraries, Pleasure Reading, and Models of Reading, ”' Library Trends 5 no. 7 (2009): 634nThis quotation can be found in the opening of the first edition of Betty Rosenburg’s groundbreaking book,
Genreflecting: A Guide to Reading Interests in Genre Fiction
(Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1982)nJanelle M Zauha, '“Recreational Reading in Academic Browsing Rooms: Resources for Readers’ Advisory, ”' Collection Building 12 nos. 3-4 (1993): 57-58nJohn B. Kaiser,
The Hawkeye
(Iowa City: The Junior Class, University of Iowa, 1927), 44, quoted in Zauha, “Recreational Reading in Academic Browsing Rooms, ” 57nJulie Elliott, '“Academic Libraries and Extracurricular Reading Promotion, ”' Reference & User Services Quarterly 46 no. 3 (2007): 35nIbid., 36; Anne Behler, “Leisure Reading Collections in College and University Libraries: Have Academic Librarians Rediscovered Readers’ Advisory?” in
Reference Reborn
, ed. Diane Zabel, (Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2011), 134nBarry Trott, '“Reference, Readers’ Advisory, and Relevance, ”' Reference Librarian 53 no. 1 (2012): 62nBehler, “Leisure Reading Collections in College and University Libraries, ” 134nNational Endowment for the Arts,
Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America
(Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts), 1–2, accessed July 10, 2012, www.nea.gov/pub/readingatrisk.pdfnNational Endowment for the Arts,
Reading at Risk
, xinNational Endowment for the Arts,
To Read or Not to Read: A Question of National Consequence
(Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts), 5, accessed July 10, 2012, www.nea.gov/research/toread.pdfnNational Endowment for the Arts,
Reading on the Rise, A New Chapter in American Literacy
(Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts), 4, accessed July 10, 2012, www.nea.gov/research/readingonrise.pdfnUrsula K. Le Guin “Staying Awake: Notes on the Alleged Decline of Reading, ”
Harper’s Magazine
(February 2008), accessed July 10, 2012, http://harpers.org/archive/2008/02/0081907nRenée Bosman, John Glover, Monique Prince, '“Growing Adult Readers: Promoting Reading in Academic Libraries, ”' Urban Library Journal 15 no. 1 (2008): 46nVictor Nell,
Lost in a Book: The Psychology of Reading for Pleasure
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988), 267nAlberto Manguel,
A History of Reading
(Toronto: Vintage Canada, 1998), 39nJoseph Gold,
The Story Species: Our Life-Literature Connection
(Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 2002), 49nNell,
Lost in a Book
, 76nIbid., 7nRoss, “The Company of Readers, ” in Ross, McKechnie, and Rothbauer,
Reading Matters
, 45nMalcolm Gladwell,
Outliers: The Story of Success
(London: Allen Lane, 2008), quoted in Ross, “Reader on Top, ” 649nRoss, “Reader on Top, ” 651–52nWilliam Somerset Maugham,
Books and You
(New York: Doubleday Doran, 1940), 29–30nUrsula K. Le Guin, “Why Are Americans Afraid of Dragons, ” in
The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction
(New York: Putnam, 1979), 40; Rachel Van Riel, Olive Fowler, and Anne Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
(Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Society of Chief Librarians, 2008), 23nManguel,
History of the Book
, 71n'“Finding Without Seeking: What Readers Say About the Role of Pleasure Reading as a Source of Information, ”' Aplis 13 no. 2 (2000): 80nJonathan Gottschall,
The Storytelling Animal: How Stories Make Us Human
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012), 5nRoger C. Schank and Tamara R. Berman, “The Pervasive Role of Stories in Knowledge and Action, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 304nManguel,
History of the Book
, 37nRoss, “Reader on Top, ” 648nVan Riel, Fowler, and Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
, 14–15nLisa Zunshine,
Why We Read Fiction: Theory of Mind and the Novel
(Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2006), 6nIbid., 4, 162nKeith Oatley,
Such Stuff as Dreams: The Psychology of Fiction
(Chichester, West Sussex, UK, 2011), 40–41nM Arthur Glenberg, '“Processing Abstract Language Modulates Motor System Activity, ”' Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61 no. 6 (2008): 905-19nOatley,
Such Stuff as Dreams
, 19nOatley, “Emotions and the Story Worlds of Fiction, ” in
Green, Strange, and Brock, Narrative Impact
, 65nJohn Miedema,
Slow Reading
(Duluth, MN: Litwin Books, 2008), 56nOatley, Such Stuff as Dreams, 162, 167; Oatley, “Emotions and the Story Worlds of Fiction, ” in Green, Strange and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 43; Gold,
Read for Your Life
, 271nRaymond A. Mar, “Simulation-based Theories of Narrative Comprehension: Evidence and Implications, ” (PhD thesis, University of Toronto, 2007); Raymond A. Mar et al., “Bookworms Versus Nerds: Exposure to Fiction Versus Non-fiction, Divergent Associations with Social Ability, and the Simulation of Fictional Social Worlds, ”
Journal of Research in Personality
, no. 5 (2006): 694–712; Raymond A. Mar, Keith Oatley, and Jordan B. Peterson, “Exploring the Link Between Reading Fiction and Empathy: Ruling out Individual Differences and Examining Outcomes, ”
Communications: The European Journal of Communication
, no. 4(2009): 407–28; Raymond A. Mar and Keith Oatley, “The Function of Fiction is the Abstraction and Simulation of Social Experience, ”
Perspectives on Psychological Science
, no. 3 (2008)nRaymond A Mar, '“Self-Liking and Self-Competence Separate Self-Evaluation From Self-Deception: Associations With Personality, Ability, and Achievement, ”' Journal of Personality 4 no. 4 (2006): Mar, “Bookworms Versus Nerds, ” in
Journal of Research in PersonalitynJoseph Gold,
Read for Your Life: Literature as a Life Support System
(Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1990), 40nGreen and Brock, “In the Mind’s Eye, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 326nNicola S. Schutte and John M. Malouff,
Why We Read and How Reading Transforms Us: The Psychology of Engagement With Text
(Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006), 60nGeorge Eliot once claimed, “The greatest benefit we owe to the artist, whether painter, poet, or novelist, is the extension of our sympathies.” “The Natural History of German Life, ” in
Essays of George Eliot
, ed. Thomas Pinney, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), 270nLynn Hunt, Inventing Human Rights (New York: Norton 2007): 39-nGottschall,
The Storytelling Animal
, 137–38nDaniel Taylor, The Healing Power of Stories: Creating Yourself through the Stories of Your Life (New York: Doubleday 1996): 12-nMelanie C. Green and Timothy C. Brock, “In the Mind’s Eye: Transportation-Imagery Model of Narrative Persuasion, ” in
Green, Strange, and Brock, Narrative Impact
, 317nFor more about the process of transportation, see Green and Brock, “In the Mind’s Eye, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 315–41; Oatley, “Emotions and the Story Worlds of Fiction, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 39–69; Nell, Lost in a Book; Richard J. Gerrig, Experiencing
Narrative Worlds, On the Psychological Activities of Reading
(Boulder, CO: Western Press, 1998)nNell,
Lost in a Book
, 238nIbid., 244nGreen and Brock, “In the Mind’s Eye, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 325nJeffrey J. Strange, “How Fictional Tales Wag Real-World Beliefs: Models and Mechanisms of Narrative Influence, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 282nGold,
The Story Species
, 125nMiedema,
Slow Reading
, 57; Nell,
Lost in a Book
, 244–45nGold,
Read for Your Life
, 139nGottschall, “Hell Is Story-Friendly, ” chap. 3,
The Storytelling AnimalnIbid., 179–80; Kathryn E. Kelly and Lee B. Kneipp have demonstrated a positive correlation between pleasure reading and creativity in “Reading for Pleasure and Creativity among College Students, ”
College Student Journal
, no. 4 (2009): 1137–44nOatley, “Emotions and the Story Worlds of Fiction, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 39, 43nGold,
Read for Your Life
, 105nSchank and Berman, “The Pervasive Role of Stories, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 313; Gold, The Story Species, xvnGold,
Read for Your Life
, 51, 52nGold,
The Story Species
, 89nSchank and Berman, “The Pervasive Role of Stories, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 288–93nTaylor,
The Healing Power of Stories
, 20nIbid., 21nGold,
The Story Species
, 55nStephen D Krashen, 'The Power of Reading: Insights from the Research' (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited 2004): 149-nIbidnShutte and Malouff,
Why We Read and How Reading Transforms Us
, 131nElliott, “Academic Libraries and Extracurricular Reading Promotion, ” 41; Barbara MacAdam, “Sustaining the Culture of the Book: The Role of Enrichment Reading and Critical Thinking in the Undergraduate Curriculum, ”
Library Trends
, no. 2 (1995): 237–63; Bette Rathe and Lisa Blankenship, “Recreational Reading Collections in Academic Libraries, ”
Collection Management
, no. 2(2006): 82nMiedema,
Slow Reading
, 20. For additional information on changing reading habits see John Lorinc, “Driven to Distraction: How Our Multi-Channel, Multi-Tasking Society Is Making It Harder for Us to Think, ”
The Walrus
, no. 5(2007): 50–59; Nicholas Carr, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?”
Atlantic
(July/August 2009), www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/6868nMardi Mahaffy, '“In Support of Reading: Reading Outreach Programs at Academic Libraries, ”' Public Services Quarterly 5 no. 3 (2009): 165nIbid., 165nSchutte and Malouff,
Why We Read and How Reading Transforms Us
, 21nGold,
Read For Your Life
, 259nNell,
Lost in a Book
, 2; Oatley, “Emotions and the Story Worlds of Fiction, ” in Green, Strange, and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 43nFrank Smith, Reading: FAQ (New York: Teachers College Press 2007): 30-nRoss, “Finding Without Seeking, ” 75–76nMiedema,
Slow Reading
, 65nGottschall,
The Storytelling Animal
, 153nUrsula K. Le Guin, “From Elfland to Poughkeepsie, ” in
The Language of the Night
, 93nSchank and Berman, “The Pervasive Role of Stories, ” in Green, Strange and Brock,
Narrative Impact
, 311nRoss, “Finding Without Seeking, ” 76nGold,
The Story Species
, 133nGottschall,
The Storytelling Animal
, 177nGold,
The Story Species
, xivnDe Rosa, et al.,
College Students’ PerceptionsnTrott, “Reference, Readers’ Advisory, and Relevance, ” 61nBarry Trott, “Building on a Firm Foundation: Readers’ Advisory Over the Next Twenty-Five Years, ”
Reference & User Services Quarterly
, no. 2 (2008): 134nDe Rosa, et al.,
College Students’ Perceptions
, 3–19nVan Riel, Fowler, and Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
, 10nJeannette Woodward,
Creating the Customer-Driven Library: Building on the Bookstore Model
(Chicago: American Library, 2005), 223nWoodward,
Creating the Customer-Driven Academic Library
, viinBehler, “Leisure Reading Collections in College and University Libraries, ” in Zabel,
Reference Reborn
, 139nJustine Alsop, '“Bridget Jones Meets Mr. Darcy: Challenges of Contemporary Fiction, ”' Journal of Academic Librarianship 33 no. 5 (2007): 584n'“Materials Matchmaking: Articulating Whole Library Advisory, ”' Reference & User Services Quarterly 50 no. 3 (2011): 230-34nNeal Wyatt,
The Reader’s Advisory Guide to Nonfiction
(Chicago: American Library Association, 2001) xi; Sarah Statz Cords also observes that nonfiction readers are “currently being neglected.” Robert Burgin, ed.,
The Real Story: A Guide to Nonfiction Reading Interests
(Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2006), xxivnGerrig,
Experiencing Narrative Worlds
, 14nKenneth D. Shearer, “The Appeal of Nonfiction: A Tale of Many Tastes, ” in
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, ed. Robert Burgin (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2004), 71; see also Catherine Ross, “Reading Nonfiction for Pleasure: What Motivates Readers?” in Burgin,
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 105–20nRoss, “Reading Nonfiction for Pleasure” in
Burgin, Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 118nIbid., 107; Shearer, “The Appeal of Nonfiction, ” in Burgin,
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 69; David Carr, “Many Kinds of Crafted Truths: An Introduction to Nonfiction, ” in Burgin,
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 51; Vicki Novak, “The Story’s the Thing: Narrative Nonfiction for Recreational Reading, ” in Burgin,
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 213–15nCarr, “Many Kinds of Crafted Truths, ” in Burgin,
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 61nAbbey Alpert, '“Incorporating Nonfiction into Readers’ Advisory Services, ”' Reference & User Services Quarterly 46 no. 1 (2006): 25nFor additional examples, see Novak “The Story’s The Thing, ” in Burgin,
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 219–22nCords,
The Real Story
, xxv; see also Alpert, “Incorporating Nonfiction into Readers’ Advisory, ” 28nKathleen de la Peña McCook, “Beyond Boundaries, ” in Burgin,
Nonfiction Readers’ Advisory
, 37n'“Making Choices: What Readers Say About Choosing Books to Read for Pleasure, ”' Acquisitions Librarian 13 no. 25 (2001): 8 6nIbid., 12nIbid., 20nJulie Gilbert, Barbara Fister, '“Reading, Risk, and Reality: College Students and Reading for Pleasure, ”' College & Research Libraries 72 no. 5 (2011): 474-95nIbid., 481nBehler, “Leisure Reading Collections in College and University Libraries” in Zabel,
Reference Reborn
, 133nTrott, “Reference, Readers’ Advisory, and Relevance.”nNeal Wyatt,
The Readers’ Advisory Guide to Nonfiction
(Chicago: American Library Association, 2007); see also Cords, The Real Story; and Jessica Zellers,
Women’s Nonfiction: A Guide to Reading Interests
(Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2009)nSharon L. Baker, “A Decade Worth of Research on Browsing Fiction Collections, ” in
Guiding the Reader to the Next Book
, ed. Kenneth Shearer (New York: Neal-Schuman, 1996), 127–47nVan Riel, Fowler, and Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
, 20nWoodward,
Creating the Customer-Driven Library
, 113nLissa Staley, “Passive Readers’ Advisory: Bookmarks, Booklists, and Displays, ” in
The Readers’ Advisory Handbook
, ed. Jessica E. Moyer and Kaite Mediatore Stover (Chicago: American Library Association, 2010), 79; Saricks,
Readers’ Advisory in the Public Library
, 140, 142; Van Riel, Fowler, and Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
, 18, 21nLianne Hartman, email message to Julie Elliott, Oct. 25, 2006, quoted in Elliott, “Academic Libraries and Extracurricular Reading Promotion, ” 37nNora M. Armstrong, “‘No, Thanks—I’d Rather Do It Myself’: Indirect Advisory Services, ” in
The Readers’ Advisor’s Companion
, ed. Kenneth D. Shearer and Robert Burgin (Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 2001), 182;
Saricks, Readers’ Advisory in the Public Library
, 141nVan Riel, Fowler, and Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
, 83nWoodward,
Creating the Customer-Driven Library
, 5, 86–90nVan Riel, Fowler, and Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
, 147nRoss, “Making Choices, ” 12nElliott, “Academic Libraries and Extracurricular Reading Promotion, ” 37; Gilbert and Fister, “Reading, Risk, and Reality, ” 485nElliott, “Academic Libraries and Extracurricular Reading Promotion, ” 38. See also the following articles on popular reading collections in academic libraries: Pauline Dewan, “Why Your Academic Library Needs a Popular Reading Collection Now More Than Ever, ”
College & Undergraduate Libraries
, no. 1 (2010): 44–64; Bette Rathe and Lisa Blankenship, “Recreational Reading Collections in Academic Libraries, ”
Collection Management
, no. 2(2005): 73–85; Alsop, “Bridget Jones Meets Mr. Darcy”; Connie Van Fleet, “Popular Fiction Collections in Academic and Public Libraries, ”
Acquisitions Librarian
, no. 29 (2003): 63–85; Anne Salter and Judith Brook, “Are We Becoming An Aliterate Society? The Demand for Recreational Reading among Undergraduates at Two Universities, ”
College & Undergraduate Libraries
, no. 3 (2007): 27–43nWoodward,
Creating the Customer-Driven Library
, 130nVan Riel, Fowler, and Downes,
The Reader-friendly Library Service
, 10nIbid., 10–12, 22nGilbert and Fister, “Reading, Risk, and Reality, ” 485nFor practical tips on creating booklists and bookmarks, see Saricks,
Readers’ Advisory in the Public Library
, 143–53; Lissa Staley, “Passive Readers’ Advisory, ” in Moyer and Mediatore,
The Readers’ Advisory Handbook
, 73–80; Lynne Welch, “Creating Themed Booklists, ” in Moyer and Mediatore,
The Readers’ Advisory Handbook
, 81–93nElizabeth Coates, (presentation, Reading Maps: An Innovative Approach to Readers’ Advisory, Reading Connections Conference, University of Toronto, September 23, 2011)nFor suggestions on reading maps, see Neal Wyatt, “Reading Maps Remake RA, ”
Library Journal
, no. 18 (2006): 38–42nLaurel Tarulli, '“Reader’s Services and the Library Catalogue: Coming of Age Fiction? Or Nonfiction?”' Reference & Users Services Quarterly 51 no. 2 (2011): 118nStatistics about Goodreads were provided by Patrick Brown, Community Manager of Goodreads, “Using Goodreads for RA and More, ” at RA in Day 2012:
Reading Builds Communities
(presentation, Toronto Reference Library, Toronto, Ont., October, 26, 2012)nGoodreads, “About Goodreads, ” accessed July 10, 2012, www.goodreads.com/about/usnGilbert and Fister, “Reading, Risk, and Reality, ” 485nMarin Goldberg, '“Extracurricular Reading: Creating and Sustaining On Campus Book Clubs, ”' Reference & Users Services Quarterly 51 no. 3 (2012): 232nBarbara Fister, '“‘Reading As a Contact Sport’: Online Book Groups and the Social Dimension of Reading, ”' Reference & User Services Quarterly 44 no. 4 (2005): 307 304; Oatley,
Such Stuff as Dreams
, 189nLissa Staley, “Book Group Kits” in Moyer and Stover,
The Readers’ Advisory Handbook
, 107; Barbara Hoffert, “The Book Club Exploded, ”
Library Journal
, no. 12 (2006): 34–37. For additional tips on book clubs, see Kay Sodowsky, “Book Groups, ” in Moyer and Stover,
The Readers’ Advisory
Handbook, 121–33; and Goldberg, “Extracurricular Reading.”nMargaret Elwood, “Online Book Clubs, ” at
RA in Day
nNational Endowment for the Arts,
To Read or Not to Read
. Mar, Oatley, and Peterson found that the stereotype of the socially awkward and withdrawn “bookworm” has no basis in fact. “Exploring the Link, ”
CommunicationsnBehler, “Leisure Reading Collections in College and University Libraries” in Zabel,
Reference Reborn
, 141n